Technical innovation plays an important role in promoting the development of the steel industry，cutting overcapacity and sustainable development of the industry-wide ecological chain. In this report，we select 36 countries from the top 50 countries or regions of crude steel production in 2020 ranked by the World Steel Association as samples to study the technical efficiency of steel industry. The technical innovation input is measured from two dimensions of economic growth level and high-tech scale by using entropy method，and the technical innovation input score of steel industry is obtained as the input index. Using industrial design patent and patent application quantities as output index. The technical efficiency of steel industry in each country was evaluated based on super-SBM model，and the influence of relevant factors was analyzed by Tobit model. It is found that 61% of the countries’ technical innovation input increased every year，and the level of technical innovation input is closely related to the degree of industrialization and presents regional differences. In terms of technical efficiency，the value of technical efficiency of steel industry in all countries is less than 1，which indicates the low technical efficiency of steel industry and the transformation deficiency of technical innovation achievements in the world in recent years. In addition，the import volume of steel products and the amount of patent applications have a positive impact on technical efficiency，while GDP、per capita GDP and technology export ratio have a negative impact. To improve national technical efficiency of steel industry，the government should increase the import of high-tech steel products；encourage businesses and individuals to apply for patents.