With the world’s spread of the COVID-19 pandemic，the economic and social development situation in 2020 have become complex and grim. China has become the only one among the world’s major economies to achieve positive growth in 2020 by actively restoring production，enhancing infrastructure construction and expanding exports. As the “stabilizer” and “ballast stone” of China’s economy，the iron and steel industry performed better than expected in 2020，showing the characteristics of “high demand，high output，high cost and efficiency”. In this paper，we research on China’s main listed steel enterprises and construct a set of evaluation index system of steel enterprise competitiveness including 4 first-level indexes，9 second-level indexes and 15 third-level indexes based on the related theories of enterprise competitiveness evaluation. We use subjective and objective methods to assign weights to indicators，and finally collect index data to evaluate the competitiveness of 17 Chinese listed steel enterprises. Our analysis demonstrates that according to the comprehensive evaluation of production，operation，innovation and low-carbon capacity，these 17 steel enterprises can play a leading role in the domestic steel industry. We also show that the top five steel enterprises are Baosteel shares，Shaosteel Songshan，Sansteel Minguang，Nansteel shares and Tisco stainless steel. Among them，Baosteel is particularly outstanding in terms of production capacity and innovation capacity，while the remaining enterprises are outstanding in terms of low carbon capacity and operation capacity. Baotou Steel shares ranked the lowest，in the 17 enterprises in all aspects of capacity to improve.