More and more studies have proved that residents’ behavior has a direct impact on the ecosystem，so it is a realistic way to improve ecological well-being by intervening and improving residents’ behavior. Existing studies often focus on the direct or static impact of residents’ behavior on ecological well-being，but in fact，changes in ecological well-being will also affect residents’ behavioral decisions. This paper explains and quantifies the interaction between pro-environmental behavior and ecological well-being of Shanghai urban residents，and finds that the higher the satisfaction of the ecological environment of Shanghai urban residents，the higher the frequency of self-reported pro-environmental behavior. At the same time，the more frequent the contact with nature，the higher the frequency of self-reported pro-environment behavior. In addition，no matter different income，different education level，or different job positions，there is a positive correlation between pro-environment behavior and satisfaction with ecological well-being and ecological environment exposure. At present，Shanghai has entered the stage of comprehensively promoting the green transformation of production and life style. Governments and departments at all levels in Shanghai should regulate the residents’ pro-environment behavior on the whole，integrate the residents’ pro-environment behavior into the ecological environment governance system，and pay attention to improving the satisfaction degree of ecological well-being and enhancing the fairness of ecological well-being.