The Yellow River basin is the second largest basin in China. This basin contains a capacious area，consist of multiple terrains，water regimens and social conditions，all of which make the environmental government，ecological preservation and the coordination of economic and social development quite difficult. In order to improve the systemic，holistic and synergistic nature of ecological protection and governance in the Yellow River basin，relevant legislation has been listed in the legislation project of 2021 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. The Yellow River Protection Act is especially for a particular river basin，so it shall establish specific regimes for the special problems in the Yellow River basin. In the Yellow River basin，the eco-flow is limited，water and soil erosion is quite serious on the upstream and midstream，and the ecological degradation of the whole basin is observable. These problems make the governing system，the environment information regime and the ecological protection compensation regime the key points in the Yellow River Protection Act.