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谢伏瞻
    中国社会科学院学部委员,学部主席团主席,研究员,博士生导师。历任中国社会科学院院长、党组书记,国务院发展中心副主... 详情>>
蔡 昉
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李培林
    男,汉族,出生于1955年5月,山东济南人,博士,研究员,全国人民代表大会社会建设委员会副主任委员,中国社会科学... 详情>>

    2021年中国社区居家养老现状及趋势调研报告

    摘要

    快速老龄化加速中国养老居住负担。居住形态方面,家庭结构趋于小型化和核心化,老年人与子女同住的比例有所下降,超六成老年人处于“独立居住”状态。住房状况方面,老年人整体居住环境一般,半数老年人现居房屋建成年数超过20年;老年人居住现代化适应水平较高,大部分住在中低层楼房中,但电梯配置率不高,居住在2层及以上楼房的老年人中,仅有约12%有电梯;老年人主力居住户型为两居和三居室,且居住空间基础设施日趋完善,通电率和自来水覆盖率超过90%,洗澡设施和厕所冲水设施覆盖率均达60%以上。居住痛点方面,当前社区软硬件建设与老龄化发展趋势并不匹配,各项配套缺口明显,其中老年服务设施和无障碍设施成为社区适老化改造的优先环节。营造良好的老年友好居住氛围,需要构建覆盖住宅、室外环境、社区配套三个层面的软性、硬性配套建设。

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    Abstract

    Rapid aging accelerates the burden of elderly care housing in China. In terms of residential form,the family structure tends to be miniaturized and core,the proportion of the elderly living with their children has decreased,and more than 60% of the elderly are in the state of “independent living”. In terms of housing conditions,the overall living environment of the elderly is general,and half of the elderly live in houses that have been built for more than 20 years;The elderly have a high level of adaptation to living modernization,Most of them live in middle and low-rise buildings,but the elevator allocation rate is not high,Only about 12% of the elderly living in buildings with two floors or more have elevators;The main residential types of the elderly are two bedroom and three bedroom,and the living space infrastructure is becoming more and more perfect,with the power on rate and tap water coverage of more than 90%,and the coverage of bathing facilities and toilet flushing facilities of more than 60%. In terms of living pain points,the current community software and hardware construction does not match the development trend of aging,and there is an obvious gap in various supporting facilities. Among them,elderly service facilities and barrier free facilities have become the priority of community aging transformation. To create a good elderly friendly living atmosphere,we need to build soft and hard supporting construction covering three levels:residence,outdoor environment and community supporting.

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    作者简介
    闫金强:闫金强,贝壳研究院高级研究员,研究方向为消费者与社区。
    曹凤娟:曹凤娟,贝壳研究院研究员,研究方向为养老与社区发展。
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