The proposal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality vision not only defines a new direction for China’s economic and social development，but also puts forward new requirements for scientific and technological innovation and technological development. Promoting and relying on green technology innovation as a common strategic choice to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality has become the consensus of major developed countries. In the future，promoting carbon neutrality must rely on technological innovation and major technological breakthroughs. Scientific and technological innovation is the key to achieve economic and social development and carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals at the same time. This report summarizes the strategic significance of the carbon peak carbon neutrality goal，analyzes the challenges of China’s realization of the carbon neutrality goal from the current carbon emission scale，industry structure and energy structure，and analyzes and draws lessons from the practice of foreign science and technology supporting achieve the carbon neutrality goal. On this basis，from accelerating the top-level design of scientific and technological innovation under the carbon neutrality goal，promoting technological reform in the energy field Scientific and technological innovation contributes to the deep decarbonization of the industry and speeds up the R &；D and application of decarbonization/negative emission technology，and puts forward paths and suggestions for scientific and technological support to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.