In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutrality，profound changes will take place in all aspects of China’s economy and society. The low-carbon transformation in the fields of energy system，industrial structure and people’s livelihood will inject new kinetic energy into the continuous improvement of the ecological environment，especially the air environmental quality. During the “14^th Five Year-Plan” period and even in the future，it is an inevitable choice to fight a tough battle of pollution prevention and control around the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. This report combs the background of China’s strategy for the coordinated control of climate change and air pollution，and holds that the coordinated control of greenhouse gases and air pollutants is the main way for the coordinated control of climate change and air pollution；Further，this report clarifies the concept of collaborative control，puts forward the evaluation method of collaborative control effect，and takes Beijing as a case to evaluate the collaborative control effect of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from 1998 to 2019，which shows that urban “pollution reduction” and “carbon reduction” have significant synergy. This report also analyzes the current system and mechanism construction of collaborative control in China，identifies the existing main problems，and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from four aspects：strengthening system connection，paying attention to basic data fusion，encouraging evaluation model innovation and expanding the research scope of collaborative control management.