Employment structure of Shandong Province had changed remarkably during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. In general，the entire employment structure had gradually changed from being dominated by rural and industry to being dominated by urban and service sector，structural contradiction had become more evident，so does the discordant between industry structure and employment structure. As to the component of labor force，there are changes in different degree of the gender structure，the age structure and the education structure. The proportion of college graduates had increased，the amount of migrant rural workers had decreased and they become more aging. As to the human capital，the amount of human capital continued to rank in the forefront nationwide，however some segments of labor force cannot fulfill the requirement of industrial upgrading，lack of skilled talents and especially the high-skilled talents is serious. In the coming 14th Five-Year Plan period，Shandong should insist on giving high priority to employment and adopting targeted policies. We should maintain and heighten labor force participation rate in order to expand labor force supply in the long run，reinforce governance of job-loss risk and reform the labor market statistic system，strengthen the occupational skill train to foster human resource suitable for new techniques，complete the social security system to construct harmonious and stable labor relationships.