This article uses questionnaires to investigate the changes of residents’ cognition of traditional Chinese medicine before and after the epidemic，and the evaluation results of residents after the participation of traditional Chinese medicine in the anti epidemic，in order to analyze the changes of the social influence of traditional Chinese medicine before and after the epidemic，and put forward targeted suggestions on optimizing the humanistic and social environment for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper uses the quality evaluation form of residents’ cognition of traditional Chinese medicine and loyalty evaluation form of traditional Chinese medicine. The survey results show that compared with before the epidemic，after the participation of traditional Chinese medicine in the anti epidemic，the popularity and reputation of traditional Chinese medicine have improved，and residents trust traditional Chinese medicine more. However，the popularity of traditional Chinese medicine in the anti epidemic at the community level is low.