Food loss and waste（FLW）governance in China has gone through four stages：eliminating famine，improving circulation efficiency，promoting social equity and consolidating food security. This transformation of stages has been driven by the transformation of the main contradictions in society. In terms of governance characteristics，changes in food security strategies have shaped the goals of food loss governance，and food waste governance has always revolved around social equity，gradually shifting from government-led to social co-governance. The modernization of national governance puts forward higher requirements for FLW governance，and key tasks include balancing multiple governance objectives，clarifying conceptual frameworks，and establishing databases and evaluation systems. In order to optimize FLW governance system，it is necessary to formulate a medium and long-term plan for food loss and reduction under China’s national conditions，promulgate relevant national statistical standards and publish data，systematically analyze the causes of FLW，and build a responsibility system for food loss and reduction.