The seed industry is the “chip” of agriculture and is the basis for ensuring China’s food security and achieving agricultural modernization. Compared with developed countries in the international seed industry，China’s seed industry still has insufficient innovation power of R&D entities，and basic research can hardly support core technologies. The industrialization of biological breeding has been lagging behind without strong international competitiveness. There are a vast number of domestic seed enterprises，but they are not strong enough，and domestic market supervision is insufficient. The germplasm resources reserve and identification are insufficient，and the source of seed industry R&D is at a disadvantage. In order to improve the international competitiveness of China’s seed industry，it is necessary that the innovation model of China’s seed industry should change to a direction of coordinated development of basic and applied research，good interaction between original innovation and industrial development of the seed industry，two-way development of variety protection，identification and utilization of germplasm resources，and finally the construction of a modern commercial breeding system and a seed industry innovation ecosystem with multi-agent coordinated development.