Innovation occupies the core position in the overall situation of China’s modernization construction，and self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology has become the strategic support for China’s development. Henan’s construction of national innovation highland should conform to the new trend of scientific and technological innovation and development in the new era. In recent years，Henan’s comprehensive strength of innovation has been significantly improved，the innovation support system has been increasingly improved，the vitality of innovation subjects has burst out，and the synergy effect of innovation has been constantly highlighted，which has met the basic conditions for building a national innovation highland. The comparative analysis results show that there are some shortcomings and weaknesses in the construction of national innovation highland in Henan Province，such as insufficient innovation input，insufficient output level，insufficient carrier platforms and inadequate ecological environment. The successful experience of implementing innovation-driven development strategy in other regions of China，such as exploring the establishment of leading institutions for scientific and technological innovation，relying on the layout of innovation platforms in advantageous areas，making every effort to build high-end carriers for scientific and technological innovation，and actively linking elements of innovation resources outside the region. Henan should learn from these successful experiences. We should take various measures to promote the transformation of Henan’s grand goal of national innovation highland into reality by raising the level of understanding，increasing capital investment，consolidating talent support and deepening mechanism reform.