国家级开发区的特殊之处在于突破了传统的行政机构设置路径:从中央层面而言,通过国务院批准程序冠以“国家级”的高阶地位,科技部和商务部根据国务院授权分别对高新技术产业开发区和经济技术产业开发区归口管理;从地方层面而言,基于属地管理,开发区通常依据省级人大常委会出台的地方性法规成立管理机构,开发区名义上作为市政府的派出机构实施行政管理职能,并且经由省、市政府授权经济职能为主的政府职能。此外,部分开发区通过托管行政区的方式扩大管理范围,开发土地并实施区内社会职能。由此,国家级开发区管理机构形成了中央部委直接管理、横跨地方多级政府多重治理体系的复杂身份。现有的派出机构、派出机关、法律法规授权组织等法律概念均无法准确定位开发区管理机构的法律性质,有地方性规范采用“法定机构”一词赋予开发区管理机构适宜的法律定位,不失为一种既符合实际法律状态,又不违背上位法规定的举措。
<<The special feature of national development zones is that they have broken through the traditional path of setting up administrative institutions:from the central level,they are crowned with the high-level status of “national level” through the approval procedure of the State Council,and the Ministry of science and technology and the Ministry of commerce are respectively responsible for the centralized management of high-tech industrial development zones and economic and technological industrial development zones according to the authorization of the State Council;From the local level,based on territorial management,the development zone usually establishes management institutions according to the local laws and regulations issued by the Standing Committee of the provincial people’s Congress. The Development Zone nominally performs administrative functions as an agency of the municipal government,and is authorized by the provincial and municipal governments to take economic functions as the main government functions. In addition,some development zones expand the scope of management by trusteeship administrative regions,develop land and implement social functions in the region. Therefore,the management organization of national development zones has formed a complex identity of direct management of central ministries and commissions and multiple governance systems across local multi-level governments. The existing legal concepts such as dispatched offices,dispatched offices and legally authorized organizations can not accurately locate the legal nature of the management organization of the development zone. At present,some local norms use the word “legal organization” to give the management organization of the development zone an appropriate legal positioning,which is not only in line with the actual legal state,but also does not violate the provisions of the superior law.
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