This report provides a descriptive analysis of the service resources，service capacity and operating condition of private hospitals during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period，using data from the China Health and Health Statistics Yearbook 2017-2021. As an important supplement to China’s healthcare system，the development of private hospitals has shown both good and bad conditions. 66.46% of the total number of hospitals in China were private hospitals at the end of 2020. In particular，the number of tertiary private hospitals is gradually increasing during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period，and the size of beds and the number of health technicians are also expanding. The outpatient，inpatient and surgical capacity of private hospitals showed an upward trend from 2016 to 2019，but turned on a significant downward trend from 2019 to 2020 influenced by COVID-19 epidemic. Profit rate of non-public hospitals is deficit and negative assets. Under the pressure of COVID-19 epidemic，private hospitals have to face more problems and challenges. Private hospitals are still small and scattered. New investors push larger capital scale and higher starting point for the development in the future. At the same time，there are lots of problems should be resolved，e.g. manpower，market，pricing governance，development space，development model，etc. Promote the development of socially run hospitals，in a series of favorable policy incentives，need to further standardize medical practices，improvision of medical quality，to achieve the transformation of private hospitals from quantity to quality development.