For the time being，the farmer group have been divided into four groups，namely，the farmers of doing business，the farmers working with the whole family，the farmers working and farming part-time，and the pure agricultural farmers. Agricultural farmers are not only the low-income farmers，but also the main group of farmers with difficulties. In the protection of agricultural farmers，the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have been playing a more active role. They not only help the poor farmers，but also benefit more pure agricultural farmers through the institutional changes and policies. In the next reform，how to find a balance between the economic and social benefits of land transfer，how to solve the problem of land fragmentation and how to improve the soft environment in rural areas will be the key to protect agricultural farmers.