The higher cost of new energy vehicles is one of the important factors restricting the development of new energy vehicles in China. This report constructs a comprehensive economic analysis and comparison model for electric and fuel cell vehicles. Based on the learning rate curves of key components of new energy vehicles，the future manufacturing cost trends of electric and fuel cell passenger cars，buses and trucks were analyzed and compared. At the same time，combined with four application scenarios of private cars，taxis，buses and logistics vehicles in China，the use cost of electric and fuel cell vehicles in each scenario is analyzed. Finally，the total cost difference between the two technology routes at different time points in the future is compared. It is found that although the manufacturing cost of range extended fuel cell vehicles is low in the future，the use cost and price of electric vehicles have obvious advantages，and the total cost will be highly competitive.