Housing right is a basic human right. It is the duty of the government to protect citizens’ housing right. Faced with high commodity housing prices，the housing difficulties of low-income groups still exist. Since 2010，China has vigorously developed public rental housing to improve the housing supply system and meet the demand of urban low-income families for basic housing，which has achieved phased results to some extent. However，due to the lack of law and institutional factors，the unbalanced development of public rental housing is still prominent. As the main body of responsibility，the state should actively take measures to improve the development of public rental housing system and effectively protect the housing rights of low-income groups.