The novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in the world in 2020，resulting in a large number of human infections and deaths. At the same time，it poses a severe challenge to the governance capacity of the authorities. In some countries，the original political contradictions and social problems are prominent，and traditional and non-traditional security factors such as livelihood issues，ethnic conflicts and border disputes are intertwined，leading to the increased instability and uncertainty of the global situations. As ‘Belt & Road’ construction is developing deeper and wider，Chinese enterprises will face more complex and changeable political and security environment overseas.