The imbalance of population distribution between urban and rural areas in Mongolia has become the most important problems in the population problem of Mongolia. This phenomenon is closely related to the population flow in Mongolia. Since the 1990s，with the political and economic reform of Mongolia，a large number of people have entered the city. About 67% of the total population has entered the city，and the high degree of urbanization of the population has been realized. However，there are still a series of social problems caused by a large number of people entering the city，such as the shortage of basic population in pastoral areas，the urban population congestion，the lag of urban public services，and the slow development of animal husbandry. Therefore，how to reasonably control the scale，speed and direction of population flow is not only the main problem of urban construction，but also a problem worthy of study and solution in the development of agricultural and pastoral areas in Mongolia.