How to build a good and harmonious doctor-patient relationship has always been an important topic of common concern in the whole society. Medicine itself has the characteristics of professionalism，uncertainty，risk and specificity，which determines that doctors should not only resist the risks of scientific development itself，but also face the risks and uncertainties brought by individual differences. Facing the complexity of medicine itself，all countries have developed medical law in their own system and context. The development of medical law in China has also experienced the dual structure contradiction between administrative system and legal system，and there have been dual track systems such as cause of case，application of law and responsibility identification. The formulation and development of China’s Tort Liability Law and the compilation of the Civil Code have gradually improved the medical damage liability system，and are also gradually debugged in judicial practice，making medical disputes into the track of the rule of law. In the face of the tension between the doctor-patient relationship，the law stipulates that patients have the right to informed consent，the right to access and copy medical records，the right to privacy and the right to claim damages，while the doctor has contractual obligations including diagnosis and treatment and nursing obligations and non-contractual obligations such as not refusing to provide diagnosis and treatment obligations. The rights and obligations of the doctor-patient relationship tend to be balanced. However，we should still attach great importance to and improve the corresponding system construction for the problems of excessive medical treatment，patients’ right to emergency assistance and the protection of doctors’ rights and interests and so on.