The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and economic belt in China，and it is also one of the areas with the most serious soil erosion and vulnerable ecological environment. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，China has attached great importance to the water and soil conservation work in the Yellow River Basin，and has successfully explored a comprehensive treatment of soil erosion with the characteristics of the Yellow River Basin，and achieved world-renowned results. In the new historical period，the high-quality development of soil and water conservation in the Yellow River basin needs to coordinate the strategic layout of integrated prevention and control in the upstream，middle and downstream of the basin，coordinate the promotion of green development and rural revitalization，and improve the comprehensive monitoring system of water and soil conservation in the basin.