The tightening of resource constraints and the degradation of ecosystems highlight the sharp contradiction between economic and social development and resource environment in the Yellow River Basin. The scientific development and utilization of water resources and the coordinated development of social economy and environment have become one of the important strategic issues in the construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin. This report makes a systematic summary of the history and current situation of water resources utilization，water conservancy construction and water conservancy supervision in the Yellow River Basin，and the analysis shows that the water resource utilization efficiency of the Yellow River Basin is low overall，and the problems in water resources development are mainly reflected in the imbalance between water supply and demand，serious soil erosion，river and lake management and water conservancy project management system to be perfected. On this basis，the present report puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions，with a view to providing scientific reference for the development of water conservancy and water resources management in the Yellow River Basin.