In order to understand the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of rare wildlife in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve，this study used field transect method，infrared camera trap method and Drone patrol method to set up 9 monitoring sample areas in the Reserve to carry out biodiversity observation research with the flagship species snow leopard as the core. With 12 key protected species of Artiodactyla，Carnivore and Giformes as the research objects，the snow leopard population showed a stable growth pattern，and its distribution range was from Tianzhu County in the east to Aksai County in the west，and the main distribution range was Sunan and Subei. Based on Pearson correlation analysis and Jackknife analysis，MaxEnt model was used to construct the species distribution database and habitat environmental factors spatial database of rare wild animals in Qilian Mountains. The results showed that the habitat of wild animals in Qilian Mountain National Park was characterized by patchy characteristics，and the scientific problems such as connectivity，homogeneity and lack of conservation were prominent. Therefore，the construction of biodiversity conservation system with snow leopard and black-necked crane as the core should be strengthened.