At present，with the rapid development of population and economy，the contradiction between human and ecological environment is growing. Among them，soil fertility has also been greatly affected，green economy has become a new lifestyle of contemporary people，and the implementation of sustainable development strategy has become the key. With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process，China’s cultivated land has also been used in other aspects. Multiple pollution has greatly reduced soil fertility，which has brought great adverse effects on China’s agricultural production. In order to make agricultural production adapt to and slow down climate change，realize agricultural emission reduction and promote the process of agricultural modernization. Taking Yanqi County as the research object，this paper evaluated the status of soil fertility，the existing problems of soil fertilizer and the ways to improve soil fertility in Yanqi County，and implemented different farmland management measures to adapt to and mitigate climate change in Yanqi county from 2013 to 2019，and continuously monitored，and used DNDC model to simulate the effect of 50% straw returning and soil testing formula fertilizer combined application on soil fertility in the next 30 years The SOC density and storage of 0-20cm soil layer in the study area will increase significantly in the next 30 years，the increment of carbon per unit area will be-7%-29%，and the new carbon sequestration will be 3.708×10⁸t-1.978×10⁹t. The increase rate is-5%-48%，showing a trend of “carbon sink”，which is very important for the restoration of SOC balance in farmland and the sustainable development of oasis agriculture.