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随着城市化进程持续加速，中国建筑废物产生量巨大，估算2020年产生量为24亿吨（t）至30亿吨。但目前资源化率不超过5%，绝大部分采用直接填埋的模式，不仅带来许多环境问题，而且大多数填埋场已不能满足消纳建筑废物的需要。而常用的建筑废物资源化模式都有各自的弊端。为了科学有效地解决建筑废物问题，本文构建了符合中国国情的建筑废物综合式资源化模式，运用生命周期评价理论，与直接填埋模式和集中式资源化模式进行了对比分析。以具有代表性的济南建筑废物为例，研究以酸化潜力、富营养化潜力、全球变暖潜力、人体健康损害毒性潜力和光化学毒性物质污染潜力五类环境影响为标准对三种建筑废物处理处置模式进行比较。结果显示，三种模式在酸化潜力、富营养化潜力、全球变暖潜力和光化学毒性物质污染潜力方面环境影响的排序为：直接填埋模式＞集中式资源化模式＞综合式资源化模式，而集中式资源化模式的人体健康损害毒性潜力略低于综合式资源化模式。此外，综合式资源化能有效减少导致全球变暖的物质、酸化物质和光化学毒性物质排放，最大限度减少环境影响。但从清单分析中可以看出，水泥是造成综合式资源化模式排放酸化物质和光化学毒性物质的主要原因。今后应改进再生资源化工艺，尽量减少水泥用量，以进一步降低对环境的影响。本研究验证了综合式资源化模式在环境影响方面要优于其他两种处理处置模式，是一种对环境最为友好的建筑废物处理处置模式，具有全国范围推广使用的潜在基础。
<<As urbanization continues to speed up，China’s construction waste generation is estimated at 2.4-3 billion t in 2020. Nevertheless，the resource recovery ratio is less than 5%. Direct landfill disposes the most of construction waste，which brings many environmental problems. Additionally，the majority of landfills can no longer meet the needs of construction waste disposal. To solve the problem of construction waste disposal scientifically，this study constructed a comprehensive resource utilization model of construction waste in line with the current situation of China，using the life cycle evaluation theory to compare with the direct landfill model and the centralized resource utilization model. Taking the construction waste in Jinan as an example，the study selected five types of environmental impact aspects：acidification potential，eutrophication potential，global warming potential，human toxicity potential，and photochemical ozone creation potential to compare the three construction waste treatment and disposal models. The results show that the environmental effects of the three modes in terms of acidification potential，eutrophication potential，global warming potential，and photochemical ozone creation potential ranks from high to low：direct landfill mode，centralized resourceization mode，integrated resourceization mode. While，the human toxicity of centralized resourceization mode is slightly lower than that of integrated resourceization mode. In addition，integrated resourceization can effectively reduce the emission of greenhouse gas，acidifying substances，and photochemical toxic substances to minimize the environmental impact. However，the inventory analysis shows that cement use is the main reason for the emission of acidifying substances and photochemical toxic substances in the integrated resource recovery model. Hence，it should optimize the recycling resourceization process by reducing the amount of cement used to further reduce the environmental impact. This study verifies that the integrated resource recovery model is better than the other two models with respect to environmental impact and has the basis for nationwide replication.
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