Population Development is a long-lasting strategic issue，which concerns the overall situation of high-quality economic and social development of the province. Based on the data of the Seventh National Population Census，this paper analyzes the current characteristics and development trend of population development in Henan Province. On this basis，in view of the development and changes in the size，structure and quality of the population of Henan Province，this paper puts forward four measures for Henan to cope with the population development in the future：to maintain the appropriate fertility level，to actively deal with the population ageing，to implement a more active talent strategy，and to promote the new type of urbanization with people as the core.