The Rhine is one of the most important rivers in Europe. Since the middle of the 19th century，the second industrial revolution has prospered the Rhine River Basin，but its environmental ecology has suffered serious pollution and devastating damage. With the joint efforts of the International Committee for the Protection of the Rhine（ICPR）and governments of related countries，the Rhine has revived in the 1990s，and the pollution control of the Rhine has been regarded as a miracle of European environmental protection actions and a classic success in global river basin governance. The problems of water pollution，ecological damage，and frequent floods in major river basins in my country are prominent，which are very similar to the Rhine River. Summarizing international experience and combing the history of the pollution control action in the Rhine River Basin can provide a good reference for my country’s river basin governance.