The Yellow River Basin is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and important ecological security barrier for China. First of all，based on the background of the ecological civilization era，this paper systematically proposes a three-dimensional analysis framework of ecological civilization based on “ecology-space-time” in response to the strategic needs of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Then，this paper systematically identifies the bottleneck constraints of water resources，water resources pollution，ecological environment and ecological restoration，space system and high-quality development faced by the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Finally，this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of strengthening the efficient use of water resources and ecological compensation，strengthening the cross-basin cooperative management of water resources，cultivating and optimizing the ecological space system，and cultivating and stimulating the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.