Known as the “water tower of China”，the Three River Source Basin is the source catchment of the Yangtze River，Yellow River and Lancang River，and constitutes an important ecological security barrier in China. Since the new millennium，China has continued to carry out the ecological protection and construction of the Three River Source Basin，and has achieved remarkable results in adhering to the harmonious development of human and nature，practicing that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains，building a community of life of mountains，rivers，forests，fields，lakes，grasses and sand，innovating the mechanism of ecological protection and management，and adhering to the direction of ecological benefit for the people. After entering the new era，the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Three River Source Basin are still facing some problems. It is necessary to further strengthen the reform，and make efforts in all aspects，such as the introduction of the “three-phase plan”，the industrial transformation and upgrading，the strengthening of talents and technology，and the improvement of governance ability，so as to continuously create a new situation of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Three River Source Basin.