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    英国在美国与欧盟的战略竞争关系中的位置与角色的新发展(2020~2021)

    摘要

    2021年初,拜登政府上台使美国和欧盟的关系得到一定程度的修补,但美欧在经济和安全领域的战略竞争并未减轻。同时,英国脱离欧盟的过渡期结束,痛苦的脱欧进程得以完成,美欧之间和英欧之间的双重”信任赤字“促使英国在美欧之间进一步靠拢美国、疏离欧盟。在经济领域,针对新兴技术和高端产业的英美双边合作研发机制得到增强和完善,同时约翰逊内阁在强化外资监管与审查架构之时对美国体制也多有借鉴和吸收;在安全领域,英国更是明显倒向美国,接受美国的政策架构与战略布局,全力追随和支持美国的印太战略,积极加入美英澳三边”印太安全伙伴关系“,但对欧盟希望英国继续参与”欧洲共同安全体系“的意向则态度冷淡,未做实质性回应。当前英国希望充分利用脱欧后带来的决策自由和国际空间,施展”全球英国“的愿景规划,既与美国建立更密切的联系,同时也将构建对外自由贸易架构的聚焦点转向亚太地区,这将给中英关系带来新的变数。

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    Abstract

    Since Biden administration’s inauguration at the beginning of 2021,the U.S.-EU relations have been repaired to some degree,but their bilateral strategic competitions in the fields of economy and security have not been mitigated. In the meantime,the painful transition period of Brexit ended and the UK finally completed its withdrawal from the EU. Pushed by the profound “trust deficits” in U.S.-EU and EU-UK relations,the UK gradually approached the United States and alienated itself from the European Union. In the fields of economy,more improvements have been made on the U.S.-UK bilateral cooperation for joint research and development on emerging technologies and advanced manufacturing. At the same time,the Johnson’s cabinet has also been learning from the United States during its legislative work for a more sophisticated system of investment screening and review structure. In the fields of security,the UK has even been more apparently tilting itself toward the United States. It has accepted the U.S.policy framework and strategic arrangement,supported and followed the American Indo-Pacific strategy in full effort,and has actively participated in the “U.S.-UK-Australia Indo-Pacific Security Partnership”. On the other hand,however,it indicates disinterest in the EU’s proposal that UK shall become part of the “Common European Security System”. At present,the UK attempts to take full advantage of the policy-making discretions and the international maneuvering space newly created from its formal exit from the EU,endeavoring to strengthen its connections with the United States and shift its focus of foreign economic relations to the Indo-Pacific region,which will inevitably bring more uncertainties to the China-UK relations.

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    作者简介
    忻华:忻华,国际关系学博士,区域国别研究博士后,上海外国语大学欧盟研究中心主任,上海欧洲学会学术研究部主任,上海全球治理研究院研究员,主要研究领域为欧美关系和欧洲对外战略等。
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