New R&D institutions are the product of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform. They are of great significance for revitalizing innovation resources，realizing the organic reorganization of innovation chain and accelerating the construction of Shanghai Science and innovation center. Among all types of R&D institutions，the new R&D institutions of public institutions in Shanghai still face the bottleneck of system and mechanism and need to break through，which is mainly reflected in their “four more and four less” in human，financial，material and management. Based on the development experience of domestic new R&D institutions，this paper puts forward useful suggestions for the development of new R&D institutions of public institutions in Shanghai. It is suggested that Shanghai should focus on the development pain points and blocking points of such institutions，speed up the improvement of the top-level design that gives research institutions full autonomy，so as to further release the advantages of system and mechanism，improve the efficiency of innovation system Stimulate scientists’ innovative vitality and provide an important driving force.