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李培林
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    2011~2018年中国超大城市、特大城市流动人口的劳动力特征

    摘要

    利用国家卫健委2011~2018年流动人口动态监测数据(CMDS)测算表明,自2011年起,中国超大和特大城市中流动人口的家庭规模经历了先增大后变小的“倒U”形过程;较之全国水平,超大、特大城市的流动人口个体平均受教育年限也较高。“城-乡”人口流动仍占主导,“城-城”人口流动比重逐步上升,但农村流动人口比重呈下降趋势,尤其在超大城市。超大城市流动人口以跨省流动为主,特大城市以跨省流动和省内跨市二者并重,超大和特大城市的流动人口中照顾随迁老人和小孩的相对比重较高,且后者大于前者。农村流动人口留居意愿显著小于城市流动人口。进一步,从收入、就业及社会保障来看,超大城市的名义工资溢价大于特大城市,超大和特大城市中流动人口主要从事消费性服务业,且大多在民营企业就业。对社会保障而言,以医疗保险为例,超大和特大城市内流动人口的医疗参保比重相对高于其他类型城市,但对参保地选择而言,农村流动人口多选择原户籍地,而城市流动人口则更偏好于流入地城市。本文研究工作进一步明确了超大和特大城市中流动人口劳动力市场特征的典型事实。

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    Abstract

    Based on 2011-2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) of the National Health Commission,the paper research shows that the family size of migrants in megacities has an “inverted U-shaped” changing process since 2011,and compared with the national level,the average education time of migrants in megacities has also increased year by year. Rural migrants is still the largest part of internal migrants,and the ratio of urban migrants increases every year,however,the proportion of rural migrants shows a decreasing trend,especially in megacities. In these huge cities,internal migrants mainly move between provinces,while those migrants in some megacities with a permanent resident population of 5-10 million moves between provinces and cities within the same province,many of those migrants pay more attention on elder and children who move with them,and the latter is greater than the former. The willingness of rural migrants to stay is obviously small than the urban ones. From the perspective of income,employment and social security,the nominal wage premium in megacities is greater than other large cities. The migrant in megacities is mainly engaged in consumer service sectors,and most of them are employed in private enterprises. For social security,such as medical care,the proportion of migrants’ medical insurance in megacities is higher than that in other cities,however,for the selection of medical insurance place,rural migrants mainly choose original Hukou location,while urban migrants prefer to choose the current staying city. The paper further clarifies some typical facts of labor market characteristics of internal migrants in China’s megacities.

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    作者简介
    邓仲良:邓仲良,经济学博士,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所副研究员,主要研究方向为人口流动、人口变动与经济增长。
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