Nepal，as an important part of the ancient Silk Road，always has good communication traditions and long friendly history with China since ancient times. In recent years，the bilateral trade and investment between Nepal and China have been expanded rapidly. Especially under “The Belt and Road” Initiative，Nepal and China have been constantly reaching important consensus and carrying out cooperation. In 2005，there was a violent earthquake broke out in Nepal which caused enormous losses and turbulence in economy，politics and people’s livelihood. As a result，the development and stability of Nepal have been greatly affected. Under the severe circumstances，Nepal and China are actively working out effective plans to maximize the synergy between “the development of the western region of China” and “Nepal State-building”，which aims to speed up the process of reconstruction and recovery of the economy level. In this essay，the author has analyzed the cooperation，opportunities and challenges between Nepal and China under the background of “The Belt and Road” Initiative in these years and offered some relevant suggestions based on the analysis.