Research shows that although the industrial specialization index in various regions of Thailand is not high now，the industry division system with Bangkok as the core has been initially established，the trend of industrial system reconstruction and local division of labor has emerged. The sign is that manufacturing is continuing to spread from Greater Bangkok to Thailand’s inland areas，but its diffusion is obviously constrained by geographical factors. In the process，the construction of transportation facilities will help to weaken the obstacles of geographical factors to industrial diffusion and balanced development of different regions in Thailand. The China-Thailand Railway started construction in December 2017 can have an positive economic impact on the perfection of Thailand’s industrial division of labor system and the balanced development of the regional economy. The characteristics of the “network economy” and “density economy”of the transportation industry have also determined that the Sino-Thai Railway can only be linked to the China-Laos Railway and even to the Pan-Asian Railway to maximize its advantages. China and Thailand can rely on the B&R initiative and take the China-Thailand Railway as an entry point to push the economic cooperation between the two countries to a new height.