Primary healthcare is the crucial component of basic health care system in China. It has the fundamental attributes of taking residents’ health as the center，family as the unit，and community as the scope. The new round of health system reform adheres to the principle of “maintaining basics，strengthening the primary care，and building mechanisms”，and takes the primary care reform as an important work content. Facing the main social contradictions in different periods，the comprehensive reform of the primary care has continuously adjusted its focus，and the health work at the primary level has made new progress and accumulated a large number of typical experiences. While the goal of “strengthening the primary care” has achieved initial results，it still faces the contradiction between insufficient service capacity and the general health needs of residents. The problem that causes this contradiction in development is concentrated in the quality of health care. In response to the current challenges faced by primary health work，and facing the long-term goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan，we must firmly grasp the strategic opportunities of “Healthy China” and rural revitalization，accelerate system and mechanism innovation，and continuously improve primary health care with high-quality development as the core. The service system will continue to consolidate and strengthen the foundation and strategic position of primary health care，and further weave a health insurance network that secures access to basic health services for urban and rural residents，and promotes the construction of a “Healthy China” and a modern socialist country.