This study analyzes the influence of self-categorization on the social participation of the people and social participation in different dimensions. Analysis using the data from the Social Mentality Survey in 2019 and 2020. The results show that the overall social participation and participation in public affairs of the Chinese people are at the lower-middle level，and compliance with social norms is at the upper-middle level；the different classification standards of self-categorization have significant differences in the impact of social participation；There are also differences in the degree of influence of social participation. Among them，the self-categorization criteria related to income levels have the strongest impact，followed by the self-categorization criteria related to education levels and geographical division，and the self-categorization criteria related to the type of work have the weakest impact. These studies have important implications for how to enhance public participation in society.