To achieve common prosperity，certain social mentality foundation is needed. By the Chinese Social Mentality Survey，the research analyzed the better life need，sense of security，sense of gain and well-being of Chinese people，as well as their feelings of social support，stress，fairness and trust in the social environment category，resilience and social participation in the social coping capacity category，nation identity and social stratification identity. The research further analyzed positive and negative factors of these social mentality indicators，and analyzed positive and negative factors of social mentality for common prosperity based on the above findings. A discussion of social policies was carried out according to these social mentality characteristics.