大学生从“象牙塔”跨入社会,从校园走向职场,实现了人生重大的角色转变,并逐渐成长为社会主义现代化建设的中坚力量。我们需要关注在这一转型过程中大学毕业生就业、生活以及心理健康等方面的基本状况及可能面临的问题。本报告利用“中国大学生追踪调查”(PSCUS)2019年和2020年的毕业生调查数据,围绕就业、生活和心理状况进行分析,呈现中国大学毕业生的生存现状。研究发现:疫情对大学毕业生就业影响明显,大学毕业生进入体制内工作的比例有所上升,进入民营企业工作的比例下降;大学毕业生实际薪酬与收入预期仍旧存在相当差距;相当比例的大学毕业生表现出失业隐忧情绪、“跳槽”现象;大学毕业生工作满意度总体偏低,尤其是对工作收入和职业声望的满意度相对更低;大部分毕业生住房问题比较突出,居住质量相对不高;大学毕业生面临较大的生活压力,心理健康问题突出。大学毕业生是国家青年人才资源的重要力量,建议相关部门和机构积极关注大学毕业生面临的现实问题,帮助他们切实解决实际困难,促进他们更好地投身到社会主义现代化建设当中。
<<When college students step into the society from the “ivory tower”,and walk from the campus to the workplace,they will experience a significant role change in their life,and become the major force in the process of socialist modernization. We need to pay attention to the basic situation and possible problems of their employment,personal life and mental health in this transformation process. Based on the survey data PSCUS of 2019 and 2020,this report analyzes the employment,personal life and psychological status of Chinese college graduates. The study found that the COVID epidemic had an obvious impact on the employment of college graduates. The proportion of college graduates working in the government and state-owned enterprises increased and the proportion of working in private enterprises decreased. There is still a considerable gap between the actual salary and income expectation of college graduates. A considerable proportion of college graduates show the worry of unemployment and the phenomenon of “job hopping” is quite common. The job satisfaction of college graduates is generally low,especially with low satisfaction on income level and professional reputation. The housing problem of most graduates is relatively prominent,and the living quality is relatively low. College graduates face great pressure and prominent mental health problems. College graduates are important human resource for the country,and government should actively pay attention to the problems faced by college graduates,help them solve practical difficulties and promote them to actively participate in the construction of the country’s modernization.
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