Ecological Protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin，as a major national strategy personally planned，laid out and promoted by President Xi Jinping，is not only a matter of great national rejuvenation，it is also a major strategic opportunity for Shanxi province to implement the concept of green development，carry out the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s visit to Shanxi，and realize high-quality transformation and development of a resource-based economy. Shanxi province is an important part of the ecological restoration belt of Sichuan and Yunnan，which is the national ecological security pattern，and an important barrier to protect the ecological security of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yellow River. Therefore，in the strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin，Shanxi should correctly find its own position，clarify its development ideas，and clarify the basic status quo，difficulties and problems of high-quality development in Shanxi province，overall planning，promote ecological protection and high-quality development，and strive to achieve high-quality transformation of Shanxi resource-based economy to take the lead in wading a new way.