Since 2020，China’s development has embarked on a new journey of modernization，and the sustainability of development is increasing day by day. After eliminating absolute poverty in an all-round way，achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060 has become one of the main development goals of China during the “14 th Five-Year Plan” period and even a longer period in the future，and has become an inevitable choice for China’s ecological civilization construction and high-quality development. Under the strong constraint of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon-neutral goal，China’s economic，environmental，social and government-enterprise governance model will undergo profound changes，which have been reflected in the goal setting of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Compared with the development goals of the previous five-year plan，the development goals of the “14th Five-Year Plan” put more emphasis on energy conservation and carbon reduction，ecological governance，green development and low-carbon transformation，national quality and people’s well-being，and the role of innovation in sustainable development. Compared with developed countries such as the United States，Europe and Japan，it is not easy for China to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality on schedule，especially facing such outstanding problems as difficulty in energy structure adjustment，great pressure on industrial transformation，weak technological innovation capability and weak green consumption concept. To solve these problems，it is urgent to build a green and low-carbon economic system and policy system mobilized by the whole society，especially to give full play to the role of the government，and to build a whole chain and ecological market mechanism and policy system from production to consumption，so as to form effective incentives for various activities and behaviors，promote the whole society to turn to energy conservation and carbon reduction，and form an environment-friendly decarbonization society. For China’s development，decarburization should be realistic，step by step，and work for a long time. It is necessary to find out the home of energy conservation and carbon reduction，clarify the stage and position，focus on efforts，take actions in a planned and step-by-step manner，reduce the use of fossil energy，vigorously develop clean energy，promote the transformation and upgrading of high-carbon sectors，focus on developing low-carbon economy，increase R&D and innovation of energy conservation and carbon reduction technologies，foster endogenous markets supporting the incubation and growth of green technologies，and create favorable conditions. Actively carry out international cooperation，focus on forming consensus on international rules in the fields of technology，trade，investment，finance，etc.，promote collective actions on energy conservation and carbon reduction worldwide，and further promote the implementation of the United Nations sustainable development agenda and reach it as soon as possible.