To develop and protect China’s national territory and space is one way to improve space governance，as well as the important content and the key part of modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee promotes the strategic target of optimizing the spatial distribution of territory in new era，which specifies the objects and means of optimizing territory and space development and protection paradigm from the top level. This is the basic compliance and important basis to promote the construction of territory and space usage control system. During the 14th five-year plan period，China should follow the strategic target of optimizing the spatial distribution of territory，make full use of the advantages of industry and population agglomeration in urbanized areas to improve economic efficiency. China should enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity of the main agricultural producing areas to ensure food security. And China should give full play to the conservation function of ecological function zone to protect and repair the ecological environment. At last，China should build a high-quality regional economic layout and territory-space supporting system，to promote the formation of a new paradigm of territory and space development and protection with obvious main functions，complementary advantages and high-quality development.