The Yangtze River Economic Belt is crucially important in ecological terms and possesses vast development potential. However，local pollution of surface water in the river basin remains prominent. The ecosystem as a whole is fragile. Along the economic belt land development has not formed a “belt pattern”. There is insufficient synergy in underpinning the coordinated management of the Yangtze River’s environment. In order to promote the ecological protection and economic development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt，it is necessary to further strengthen foundational support and top-level designing，enforce targets set for key areas，optimize the spatial planning of land development，and establish a robust and well-coordinated environmental governance system and mechanism.