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谢伏瞻
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    2021~2022年中国服务业的发展特征及高质量发展的政策建议

    摘要

    服务业是国民经济的重要组成部分,我国服务业增加值占GDP比重正逼近临界值。制造业前30年的发展经验同样适用服务业,从学习发达国家经验、自身形成产品服务,到产品服务输出全球,再到未来中国“服务链”无可替代。疫情冲击了服务业发展,也倒逼服务业加快数字化、智能化进程,展现了服务业发展的科技路径。目前服务业发展中短板多,需要抓住主要矛盾,建议产业政策基于“龙头、人才、多元、强化”四种策略,针对不同发展阶段的服务业分策施行:以龙头化为方向提高行业集中度,大力引进海外人才带动专业和商务服务业发展,着力增加文化相关服务出口,都是避免“鲍莫尔”病、实现高质量发展的重要抓手。2022年,全球经济周期回落叠加国际生产恢复,我国制造业出口增量渐渐回落,但出口份额保持稳定,投资呈现渐行渐下的长期趋势。非制造业内部大类分化,建筑业增速前高后低,生产性服务业增速前低后高,生活性服务业大概率将恢复至正常增长,但疫情是重要影响因素。

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    Abstract

    The service industry is an important part of the national economy,and the proportion of China’s service industry in GDP is approaching a critical value. The development experience of the manufacturing industry in the first 30 years is also applicable to the development of the service industry,from learning from developed countries and self-forming products and services,to exporting products and services to the world,to the irreplaceable future China’s “service chain. The epidemic has impacted the development of the service industry,and also forced the service industry to accelerate the process of digitization and intelligence,showing the technological path of the development of the service industry. At present,the service industry has many shortcomings and needs to grasp the main contradictions. It is recommended that the industrial policy adopts four strategies of leading,talent,diversifying,strengthening”,and implements separate policies for the service industry at different stages of development:to increase industry concentration in the direction of leading Intensifying efforts,to attract overseas talents to drive the technology and business service industries,and to focus on increasing the export of cultural-related services. Above are all important means to avoid “Baumol” disease and to achieve high-quality development. In 2022,the global economic cycle will be down and international production will be restored. China’s manufacturing export growth will gradually decline,but the export share will remain stable,and investment will continue to be in a long-term trend of gradual decline. The non-manufacturing industry will be divided into categories. The construction industry will be first high then low,and the productive service industry will be first low then high. The life service industry will recover from frustration to normal growth with a high probability. However,the epidemic situation will be an important constraint.

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    作者简介
    于颖:于颖,中采咨询首席经济学家。
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