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谢伏瞻
    中国社会科学院学部委员,学部主席团主席,研究员,博士生导师。历任中国社会科学院院长、党组书记,国务院发展中心副主... 详情>>
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李培林
    男,汉族,出生于1955年5月,山东济南人,博士,研究员,全国人民代表大会社会建设委员会副主任委员,中国社会科学... 详情>>

    2010~2020年北京市养老机构设施布局特征、问题及优化建议

    摘要

    针对当前北京市面临的养老设施空间配置不均,养老服务“旱涝分化”等问题,本报告运用标准差椭圆分析法、熵权法分别对北京市三级养老设施(养老机构、养老照料中心和社区养老服务驿站)空间分布现状和供给水平进行分析,发现:从发展现状来看,当前,北京市养老机构床位总量基本充足,区域发展略有失衡;养老照料中心和社区养老服务驿站中心集聚较为明显,中心城区覆盖水平较高;从供给水平来看,各街道养老机构供给水平参差不齐,“中心洼地”特征明显,各街道养老照料中心的人均床位数超过八成低于50张/千人,呈现放射状区域分布特征;中心城区社区养老服务驿站建设基本覆盖一刻钟生活圈,而其他区域则零散分布。有鉴于此,本报告提出以人为本,“适度普惠+精准供给”相结合;科学规划,“阶段目标+动态调整”相结合;集约共享,“整体布局+分级分类”相结合;弹性落实,“监测评估+因地制宜”相结合四条建议,以期对未来养老设施空间布局优化调整有所参考。

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    Abstract

    In view of the uneven spatial allocation of elderly care facilities and the “differentiation between drought and flood” of elderly care services in Beijing,this report analyzes the spatial distribution and supply level of three-level elderly care facilities(elderly care institutions,elderly care centers and community elderly care service stations)in Beijing by using the standard deviation ellipse analysis method and entropy weight method. It is found that from the current development situation,the total number of beds in pension institutions in Beijing is basically sufficient,and the regional development is slightly unbalanced. The concentration of elderly care centers and community elderly care service post centers is obvious,and the coverage level of central urban area is high. From the perspective of supply level,the supply level of elderly care institutions in each street is uneven,and the characteristics of “central depression” are obvious. The per capita number of beds in each street elderly care center is more than 80% and less than 50/1000,showing radial regional distribution characteristics. The construction of community elderly care service post stations in the central urban area basically covers a quarter of an hour living circle,while other areas are scattered. In view of this,this report proposes the combination of people-oriented and “moderate inclusive + precise supply”. Scientific planning and the combination of “stage objectives + dynamic adjustment”. Intensive sharing and the combination of “overall layout + hierarchical classification”. Flexible implementation of the four suggestions of “monitoring and evaluation + adjusting measures to local conditions”,in order to provide reference for the optimization and adjustment of the spatial layout of elderly care facilities in the future.

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    作者简介
    闫萍:闫萍,博士,中共北京市委党校(北京行政学院)社会学教研部副教授,主要研究方向为人口老龄化。
    石万里:石万里,中共北京市委党校(北京行政学院)人口学硕士研究生。
    崔书锦:崔书锦,中共北京市委党校(北京行政学院)人口学硕士研究生。
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