Population factor is the most dynamic and basic factor in the process of economic development. With the transformation of the new driving force of urban economy，the upgrading of economic structure and the improvement of quality，the population activity factors provide the foundation for the window of population opportunity in Beijing. Among them，the migration of floating population is an indispensable force to maintain the vitality of urban development，and the spatial transfer of population stimulates the use efficiency of labor force. The main part of the floating population is young and middle-aged labor force，which ensures the supply of human resources needed for the rapid economic and social development and the new normal economic development of Beijing. Permanent population significantly enhance the level of education and promoted the improvement of human capital of Beijing，the ministry of human resources and human capital improves the Beijing economic and social development of the vitality，creativity and innovation，both contributing to the economic and social development in Beijing，and for the transformation of economic development，industrial upgrading，quality improvement provides a new source.