The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the development of medical device industry of China，which also contains development opportunities. In the COVID-19 prevention and control process，medical devices have played a vital role. Against this background，this study analyzes the important role of medical device emergency approval policy of China in epidemic prevention and control，mainly discussing the emergency protection role of emergency approval policy on masks，medical protective clothing，ventilators，testing reagents and other scarce prevention and control materials，and the production and development status of medical devices and enterprises were analyzed and summarized. In the process of epidemic prevention and control，the shortage of relevant materials reveals that there are still some problems in emergency approval policy of China，such as imperfect top-level laws and regulations，different effectiveness and scope of emergency approval policies among provinces. After the epidemic，we should summarize the gains and losses of fighting the epidemic and improve the relevant system in time.