As the degree of aging continues to deepen，problems such as poor health awareness of the elderly and lack of health rights continue to emerge，which seriously restricts the improvement of the well-being of the elderly. First，on the basis of defining the concepts of health awareness，health rights and well-being of the elderly，the paper proposes hypotheses on the impact of health awareness and health rights on the well-being of the elderly. Then，according to the CLHLS data of 2018，it uses the ordered logit method to test the hypotheses，and found that health awareness and health rights have a significant positive impact on the well-being of the elderly，indicating that the enhancement of health awareness and health rights are conducive to the improvement of the well-being of the elderly. In addition，a wealthy economy，a good mentality and sufficient family support can also improve the well-being of the elderly. Finally，the paper puts forward some suggestions for improving the well-being of the elderly from the aspects of health management，healthy diet，health records，family support，etc.