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李培林
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    2015年老年流动人口健康、保健及社区公共卫生服务利用:现状及影响因素分析

    摘要

    借助2015年度“流动老人医疗卫生服务专题调查”的数据,采用二元Logistic回归模型全面分析60岁及以上老年流动人口的健康与保健状况,以及影响其利用社区医疗卫生服务的多项因素,发现:流动老人来自全国各个地区,主要为了照料家人而集中流入东部地区,其自评健康状况良好,慢性病患病率达到25。4%,处理日常小病时未形成在流入地就医的习惯,当患大病需要住院时对流入地医疗资源的利用程度同样不高,出现了消极就医行为,但是对日常锻炼的热情较高,形成了锻炼对就医的代偿。流动老人在新居住地平均结识8。8个新朋友,23。8%的老人主要依靠家庭成员的经济支持,近八成者在户籍所在地参加了各种类型的基本医疗保险。此外,年龄、自评健康状况、流动原因、城乡居民类型、主要经济来源是影响流动老人利用社区公共卫生服务的重要因素,性别、受教育程度的影响并不显著。基于此,提出发挥社区公共卫生服务机构“第一窗口”的就医引导功能,侧重发展基层医疗卫生服务机构的预防保健功能,辅助流动老人获取医疗资源信息,改变其消极就医心态,并强化家庭与社区对流动老人的健康支持。

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    Abstract

    The data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey and special investigation for the elderly in 2015 are adopted to create the logistic regression model to illustrate the demographic characteristics,health status and influential factors of using public health services of elderly floating population,this paper finds that the floating elderly coming from various parts of China and inflow eastern China for caring reasons. The self-reported health status of floating elderly is well and the prevalence of chronic disease is 25.4%. The habits of healing both daily sick and serious illness did not developed in the place the elderly moved in while they had great passion on daily exercises as compensation. The elderly floating population makes 8.8 new friends in average and 23.8% of them rely on family economic supports and 80% apply for Variety of types of basic health insurance. Meanwhile,age,self-reported health status,floating motive,types of urban and rural residents and main economic source are important factors for the old people to use community public health services while the gender and educational are not. Therefore,this paper put forward following suggestions:Firstly,inflow areas should strengthen the leading function of community public health services organizations. Secondly,inflow areas should enhance the preventive function of basic medical institutions to help the elderly getting medical information. Finally,the negative mentality for treatment should be decreased and the family and community should give more healthy support for the elderly floating population.

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    作者简介
    刘璐婵:刘璐婵,南京邮电大学社会与人口学院讲师,管理学博士,研究方向:社会保障、社会政策。
    李潇晓:李潇晓,南京邮电大学人口研究院助理研究员,社会学博士,研究方向:流动人口、婚姻家庭。
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