The Modern Science and Technology Museum System （MSTMS） is a public science cultural service system that supported by the physical science and technology museums. It coordinates the development of mobile science and technology museums，popular science caravans and digital science and technology museum. In addition，it radiates and drives the science and technology museums in rural middle schools and other relevant science popularization infrastructure. However，although the construction of the MSTMS has attained initial achievements since its development in 2012，there are still a series of problems including insufficient resources，uneven regional development，similar construction，imperfect information construction，lacking of talents for science and technology museums，etc. By taking science and technology museums of China Association for Science and Technology as the research object，this report analyzed the data listed in statistical Yearbook of China Association for Science and Technology and the statistical data of China Science and Technology Museums over the past years. With respect to the construction of MSTMS in the new era，to realize the goals of science and technology museum service quality improvement，rational resource allocation，fair and universal benefits，more attention should be paid to the top-level design and planning，and the development mode of MSTMS should be studied and explored to meet the needs of people-oriented，comprehensive，coordinated and sustainable development.