In this paper，by referring to the category of science and technology museums and their statistical data defined in “China Science Popularization Statistics” issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China，the development of science and technology museums in China since the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” （2011-2017） were analyzed from the aspects of resource construction，business development，and operational effectiveness. In general，all-round progresses and great achievements have been attained in the area of Chinese science and technology museums. Additionally，the science and technology museums have become to be important platforms for the public to elevate their scientific literacy. Nevertheless，the further development of Chinese science and technology museums have been restricting by some contradictions and problems，including insufficient supply and unbalanced development of science and technology museums resources，irrational talent team structure，relative single source of funding for science popularization，lagging in the construction of informatization and intelligence，etc. Therefore，it is recommended to deepen the supply-side structural reform of Chinese science and technology museums，innovate the mode and mechanism on their operation and management，accelerate the standard systems construction for the science and technology museums，improve the evaluation systems for the talent team，etc.